Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Red yeast rice-derived MKA ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats by inhibiting ERK1/2/c-Fos pathway

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.10.710945

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of EDU and TUNEL staining ( A ), EDU positive percent ( B ) and apoptosis percent ( C ) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of MKA (1, 5, 10 μM) and 200 nM Ang II for 24 hours. D-H. Representative Western blots and relative protein expression for β-MHC, p-ERK, t-ERK, c-Fos, and Caspase-3. Data are presented as mean ± SE, comparisons among multiple groups were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (n = 4 per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). LM: 1 μM MKA; MM: 5 μM MKA; HM: 10 μM MKA;

Article Snippet: Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100/PBS (VICMED) for 5 minutes, and processed using the One-step TUNEL In Situ Apoptosis Kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594) (Elabscience Co., Ltd., Wuhan, E-CK-A322) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Article Title: L-arginine synergistic with 5-fluorouracil intervenes in DNA damage repair via the DNA-PKcs/ATM/ATR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2025137

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-administration of L-Arg and 5-FU modulates apoptosis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells (A) The apoptotic morphological changes induced by combined L-Arg and 5-FU treatment were evaluated via DAPI staining. (B) The rate of apoptosis resulting from the combination of L-Arg and 5-FU was quantified via Annexin V/FITC-PI staining. (C,D) The effects of L-Arg and 5-FU on the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed. (E,F) Immunoblot analysis revealed the effects of L-Arg and 5-FU on the phosphorylation of p53, as well as the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with n = 3. The normal distribution of the data was confirmed prior to analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t test for pairwise comparisons between groups. Analyses were conducted via GraphPad Prism 10 software. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the control group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, compared L-Arg with 5-FU group.

Article Snippet: A one-step TUNEL in situ apoptosis detection kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594), an Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining kit, and a prestained protein marker (8–180 kDa) were purchased from KeyGEN Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Standard Deviation, Software, Control

Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Article Title: L-arginine synergistic with 5-fluorouracil intervenes in DNA damage repair via the DNA-PKcs/ATM/ATR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2025137

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-administration of L-Arg and 5-FU modulates DNA damage and the cell cycle distribution in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells (A) Cell cycle distribution following treatment with L-Arg and 5-FU was analyzed via PI staining. (B) DNA migration after combined treatment with L-Arg and 5-FU was quantified via comet assay. (C) DNA fragmentation induced by the combination of L-Arg and 5-FU was assessed via TUNEL assay. (D) The impact of combined L-Arg and 5-FU treatment on γ-H2AX levels was evaluated via immunofluorescence analysis. (E) Immunoblot analysis further confirmed the effects of L-Arg and 5-FU on γ-H2AX expression levels. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with n = 3. The normal distribution of the data was confirmed prior to analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t test for pairwise comparisons between groups. Analyses were conducted via GraphPad Prism 10 software. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the control group; ## P < 0.01, compared L-Arg with 5-FU group.

Article Snippet: A one-step TUNEL in situ apoptosis detection kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594), an Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining kit, and a prestained protein marker (8–180 kDa) were purchased from KeyGEN Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Staining, Migration, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, TUNEL Assay, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Software, Control

Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Article Title: L-arginine synergistic with 5-fluorouracil intervenes in DNA damage repair via the DNA-PKcs/ATM/ATR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2025137

Figure Lengend Snippet: The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in DNA damage and apoptosis induction during the coadministration of L-Arg and 5-FU (A) Flow cytometric analysis of ROS changes under combined treatment with L-Arg and 5-FU. (B) Fluorescence microscopy-based evaluation of ROS modulation induced by the coadministration of L-Arg and 5-FU. The cells were preincubated with carboxy-PTIO, an NO scavenger (50 μM), for 1 h before subsequent treatments. (C) Effects of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the protein expression levels of p-AKT, DNA-PKcs, p-ATM, p-ATR, γ-H2AX, and cleaved caspase-3. The cells were pre-treated with NAC (3 mM) for 1 h prior to subsequent treatments. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with n = 3. The normal distribution of the data was confirmed prior to analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t test for pairwise comparisons between groups. Analyses were conducted via GraphPad Prism 10 software. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the control group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, compared L-Arg with 5-FU group.

Article Snippet: A one-step TUNEL in situ apoptosis detection kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594), an Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining kit, and a prestained protein marker (8–180 kDa) were purchased from KeyGEN Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Software, Control

Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Article Title: L-arginine synergistic with 5-fluorouracil intervenes in DNA damage repair via the DNA-PKcs/ATM/ATR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2025137

Figure Lengend Snippet: iNOS affects the levels of apoptosis-related and DNA damage repair-related proteins in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells (A) HepG2 cells. (B) HuH-7 cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with n = 3. The normal distribution of the data was verified prior to analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Dunnett’s t test was used for pairwise comparisons between groups. Analyses were conducted via GraphPad Prism 10 software. **P < 0.01, compared with the control group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, compared L-Arg with 5-FU group.

Article Snippet: A one-step TUNEL in situ apoptosis detection kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594), an Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining kit, and a prestained protein marker (8–180 kDa) were purchased from KeyGEN Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Software, Control

Journal: Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Article Title: L-arginine synergistic with 5-fluorouracil intervenes in DNA damage repair via the DNA-PKcs/ATM/ATR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.3724/abbs.2025137

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-administration of L-Arg and 5-FU modulates the expression levels of proteins associated with DNA damage repair, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and apoptosis in rat liver tissue (A) Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the effect of combined L-Arg and 5-FU treatment on DNA-PKcs levels. (B) Immunoblot analysis was used to evaluate effects of co-administration of L-Arg and 5-FU on the levels of DNA-PKcs, phosphorylated ATM (p-ATM), phosphorylated ATR (p-ATR), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in rat liver tissue. (C) The influence of coadministration of L-Arg and 5-FU on the levels of phosphorylated p53 (p-p53), Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 in rat liver tissue was assessed via immunoblot analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with n = 12. The normal distribution of the data was confirmed prior to analysis. Statistical evaluations were performed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t test for pairwise comparisons between groups. Analyses were conducted via GraphPad Prism 10 software.**P < 0.01, compared with the normal control group; ΔΔ P<0.01, compared with the DEN model group. ## P < 0.01, compared L-Arg with 5-FU group.

Article Snippet: A one-step TUNEL in situ apoptosis detection kit (Red, Elab Fluor® 594), an Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining kit, and a prestained protein marker (8–180 kDa) were purchased from KeyGEN Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Software, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: DNase I alleviates renal inflammatory injury in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting NETs formation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1656069

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNase I treatment decreased the number of immune inflammatory cells in the kidneys and spleens of mice in the MRL/lpr model. (A, B) The TIMER algorithm was used to assess the proportion of immune cell infiltration in the kidneys of control (Ctr), MRL/lpr (Lpr), and DNase I-treated MRL/lpr (DNase) mice at 21 weeks of age. The percentages of CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets (C, G) , CD3+CD8+ T cell subsets (D, H) , and CD3-CD19+B cell subsets (E, I) in the spleen were quantified using flow cytometry across the normal control, MRL/lpr, and DNase I treatment MRL/lpr group. (F, J) Flow cytometric and quantitative analysis of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) percentages in the spleens of mice from each experimental group were also conducted. Data were expressed as means ± SD for groups of three mice. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001 vs. normal control ( t test). # P < 0.05 vs. MRL/lpr mice (Bonferroni correction; two comparisons were made).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were utilized for staining: anti-CD3 antibody (E-AB-F1013Q), anti-CD4 antibody (E-AB-F1097S), anti-CD8 antibody (E-AB-F1104J), anti-CD19 antibody (E-AB-F0986E), anti-CD25 antibody (E-AB-F1102D), and anti-Foxp3 antibody (E-AB-F1238E), all sourced from Elabscience (China).

Techniques: Control, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)

Article Title: Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera ) targets liver cancer stem cells via inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1007/s12032-025-03215-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometry analysis of CD90 expression in HepG2 cells treated with SOR and/or ASH-AE for 48 h. *: Statistically significant difference from control group at p ≤ 0.05, #: Statistically significant difference from SOR group at p ≤ 0.05

Article Snippet: After 24 h, cells were treated with IC50 of SOR and/or ASH-AE in triplicates and incubated in the same conditions for 48 h. After that, cells were collected and 1 × 10 6 cells were resuspended in 100 μl PBS and then incubated with PE/Elab Fluor ® 594 Anti-Human CD90 Antibody (1:50 dilution) (Elabscience, USA) for 30 min at room temperature.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Control